Last of the Mohicans Essay -- Last Mohicans War Book Review Essays

Last of the Mohicans Last of the Mohicans is set in 1757 in the third year of a war in North America over land and territory. Mostly, the war is between the English and the French, but each side has taken up Indian allies to assist them. The main story in the Last of the Mohicans is the love of an adopted Mohican, Hawk-eye, and Cora, the daughter of an English general. There are also other stories embed in the movie, which are harder to recognize. For instance, a second love story between Hawk-eyes brother and Coras sister. The life of Magua is other story that the movie tallyms to slightly touch, but doesnt voluptuous on. As for the historical part of the movie, I think it is accurate in the sense of the fighting style of the English. The proper way of war might be fine in Europe, but against the Indians, standing in a line with bright red coats is not the way to win. ...the soldiers uniforms splendid - though (and thats a historic fact) idiotically ornate and impractical for wa rfare. It wasnt until about 1916 that the British and the French saw the light and stopped wearing all that Day-Glo, easy target colors (Prof. Jahiel). For example, at the beginning of the movie, Magua killed one soldier marching in the line, and the guy next to him didnt even do anything until the commander said to attack. They would also fire at the homogeneous time, leaving the whole squad vulnerable to attack while they reloaded. By fighting in this manner, it allowed the Indians to fight much more strategically. They would fire muskets three at a time, so they could stop an oncoming rush while the others reloaded. The Indians also took advantage of the English firing scheme. After the whole squad of English soldiers pink-slipped their muskets, the Indians would rush in with axes and knives, then fall back. This strategy would allow just a few Indians to take out a relatively large effect of English. The British, we learn by the proof in the pudding, are inept warriors, and l ousy tacticians...Plus, theyre seemingly accurately described, both from the point of count of the historian and political rightness (Prof. Jahiel). I also think the film did a good job with the weapons used throughout the movie. The spears, bows, axes, and muskets look authentic enough for me. The one weapon that I couldnt recognize was the axe-type club that was used by Hawk-eyes father. ... ...e. I think another sub plot that comes out of the film is the idea of change. Or at least reality sets in on some of the characters. For instance, General Munroe decides not to fight for his fort and just leave. This was something that was not previously done, or even accepted in the English Military. Also I found Coras ex-boyfriend, the noble, to be an extremely brave and honorable man. At first I thought he was, quite frankly, an irresponsible jackass until the end when he sacrificed himself for Cora and Hawk-eye. One thing to keep in mind when watching the film is that it shows the w ar from a different angle than what the macrocosm might be used to. It focuses more on an Indian point of view and a more individualistic view. By Indian point of view I mean most representations of wars in America make us look to be the good guys, in this film there is a pretty neutral eye from which the war is viewed. What I mean by individualistic is that each person, Hawk-eye, Cora, General Munroe, and Magua are involved in the same war, but see things totally different. One person viewing the film will most likely see something different or special about the film than another person would.

All Americans Need Access to Health Care Essay -- ObamaCare Essays

America is known for democracy, freedom, and the American Dream. American citizens have the right(a) to free speech, free press, the right to bear arms, and the right to religious freedom to name a few. The Declaration of Independence states that American citizens have the rights including life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. America promises equality and freedom and the protection of their rights as outlined in the Declaration of Independence and the Bill of Rights. But with all the rights and freedoms that American citizens enjoy, there is one particular area where the United States seems to be lacking. That area is wellness care. The United States is the only industrialized nation that doesnt have some form of legal recognition of a right to wellness care (Yamin 1157). wellness care reform in the United States has become a major controversy for politicians, health care professionals, businesses, and citizens. Those in opposition to reform claim that healt h care is not a human right, therefore the government should not be involved. Supporters of reform believe that health care is most definitely a human right and should be available to everyone in the United States instead of only those who can afford it, and that it is the governments responsibility to uphold that right. reveal of all the industrialized countries in the world, the United States is the only one that doesnt have a universal health care plan (Yamin 1157). The current health care system in the United States relies on employer-sponsored insurance programs or purchase of individual insurance plans. Employer-sponsored coverage has dropped from roughly 80 percent in 1982 to a little over 60 percent in 2006 (Kinney 809). The government does provide... ... Mar. 2011.It Is Possible for the United States to Achieve Universal Health Care While defend Scientific Innovation. Universal Health Care. Ed. Susan C. Hunnicutt. Detroit Greenhaven Press, 2010. Opposing Viewpoints. G ale Opposing Viewpoints In Context. Web. 20 Mar. 2011.Kinney, Eleanor D. Realization of the International Human Right to Health in an Economically corporate North America. Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 37.4 (2009) 807-818. Academic hunting Premier. EBSCO. Web. 15 Mar. 2011.National Insurance Could Prove Disastrous. (Cover story). USA Today Magazine 133.2719 (2005) 1-2. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. Web. 15 Mar. 2011.Yamin, Alicia Ely. The Right to Health Under International Law and Its Relevance to the United States. American Journal of Public Health 95.7 (2005) 1156-1161. Academic Search Premier. EBSCO. Web. 15 Mar. 2011.

Henrik Ibsens A Doll’s House :: A Dolls House Essays

Henrik Ibsens A Dolls HouseIn A Dolls House, Henrik Ibsen reveals how hostelry and potency hinders the development of individuality. By examining how Noras father treated her, the way Noras husband talked to her, a womans social expectations, and the social status of women, Ibsen sets onward the image of a stiffed woman, trapped in an unhappy marriage. Noras father treated her as if she was just a little play doll. He modest her and treated Nora like a baby. Referencing to her father, Nora illustrates this by saying, . . . He called me his little doll, and he played with me just the way I played with my dolls. Then I came to stomach in your house . . . I was passed from Papas hands to yours,(Act III 1120). The way Torvald, Noras husband, talked to her showed how he degraded and belittled Nora. He talked to Nora as if she was insufficient to him. He implied that he was a better person due to his social status. In Act III of A Dolls House, Torvald shows his vulgar and implement al manner towards Nora by saying, Oh, you think and talk like a stupid child,(Act III 1123). A womans social expectations were to stay at home, and understand the offspring. It was thought that women had to depend on men for everything. What ever the woman wanted to do, had to be approved by the male spouse. Oh, I wish Id inherited more of Papas qualities, exemplifies Noras urge to become more powerful (Act I 1074). At that time, womens status in society was a step below those of men.Women could not vote, open their own bank account, or have a management position. In some extreme cases of the womens low status, they were told to marry the man whom their parents told them to marry. Torvald depicts how men were thought to be higher than women are by claiming, . . . but no man can be evaluate to sacrifice his honor, even for the person he loves,(Act III 1123).

Mark Twain is a Great American Author :: Biography Biographies Essays

sugar duad is a Great American originator         In the book huckaback Finn, Mark twain not only writes about the adventures of a little boy, he depicts the struggle that people had to go by in that time period. That is just one of the reasons why approximately people consider Mark Twain to be the greatest American author of only time.         As I was run downing the book Huck Finn I started to agree more with what Mencken had to say piece him beside Emerson, or Whit gentleman, or Hawthorne, or even Poe he was palpably the superior of all of them. I could really relate to lots of the ideas and emotions that sprang into Tom and Hucks heads at the time. In Huck Finn, Tom gets a group of boys in concert to form a little club. When I was younger I would do the same thing with friends of mine. We would prompt out our fantasies just like Tom and Huck did in the story. All of Hucks life he was able to live it the way that he wanted, until he had to hold up in with Miss Watson. But as you read you find out that every minute he is away from her he is up to his old tricks again. From loss out to having a smoke with Tom, or messing up his hair so he could feel at home. You can see that he is still a little boy inside who isnt ready to provoke up.         Tom Sawyer is one of those type of friends that everybody has, crazy enough to get everybodys attention but bright enough to know when to stop. I read some of the things that Tom had done in the book and some of the lies he would tell and I thought man he is crazy for doing that but as I thought about it more it seems reasonable to a kid at that age and why wouldnt he act the way he did ?         Mark Twain takes a big step to the side when he writes about one of Miss Watsons slaves. Jim is a cockeyed black slave in about his mid-twenties. As you read about Jim and see what hes had to go through you can start to Mark Twain is a Great American Author Biography Biographies Essays Mark Twain is a Great American Author         In the book Huck Finn, Mark Twain not only writes about the adventures of a young boy, he depicts the struggle that people had to go through in that time period. That is just one of the reasons why some people consider Mark Twain to be the greatest American author of all time.         As I was reading the book Huck Finn I started to agree more with what Mencken had to say Put him beside Emerson, or Whitman, or Hawthorne, or even Poe he was palpably the superior of all of them. I could really relate to lots of the ideas and emotions that sprang into Tom and Hucks heads at the time. In Huck Finn, Tom gets a group of boys together to form a little club. When I was younger I would do the same thing with friends of mine. We would act out our fantasies just like Tom and Huck did in the story. All of Hu cks life he was able to live it the way that he wanted, until he had to move in with Miss Watson. But as you read you find out that every minute he is away from her he is up to his old tricks again. From going out to having a smoke with Tom, or messing up his hair so he could feel at home. You can see that he is still a little boy inside who isnt ready to grow up.         Tom Sawyer is one of those type of friends that everybody has, crazy enough to get everybodys attention but smart enough to know when to stop. I read some of the things that Tom had done in the book and some of the lies he would tell and I thought man he is crazy for doing that but as I thought about it more it seems reasonable to a kid at that age and why wouldnt he act the way he did ?         Mark Twain takes a big step to the side when he writes about one of Miss Watsons slaves. Jim is a strong black slave in about his mid-twenties. As you read about Jim and see what hes had to go through you can start to

Japanese Internment Camps Essays -- Japanese-Americans in WWII

World War II was a time of deliberate detest among hosts of innocent people who were used as scapegoats. Japanese-Americans were persecuted due to the fact that they looked like citizens of Japan, who had attacked the join States on December 7th, 1941 at the naval base, Pearl Harbor. This hatred toward the group was due to newspapers creating a scare for the American people, as well as the government restricting the rights of Japanese-Americans. The Japanese-Americans were mis enured during World War II for no separate reason than being different. These men, women, and children were loathed by the American public for looking like the people of the Japanese army that had attacked the United States. These people were only hated by association, even though many had come to the United States to create a better life for their family.The federal government ruled most of the reasons behind Japanese internment camps. Further than two-thirds of the Japanese who were sentenced to internme nt camps in the spring of 1942 were in fact United States citizens. The internment camps were the centerpiece for legal confines of minorities. Most camps were passing overcrowded and with deprived living conditions. The conditions included tarpaper-covered barracks of simple frame construction without plumbing or cooking facilities of any kind. Unfortunately, coal was very hard to come by for the internees, so most would only have the blankets that were rationed out to sleep on. As for food, the allotment was about 48 cents per internee. This food was served in a electronic jamming hall of about 250 people and by other internees. Leadership positions within the camp were only given to the American-born Japanese, or Nisei. Eventually, the government decided that... ... group of citizens was treated during this time. Unfortunately, this is most likely due to the fact that it exposes the worst of the United States government. This treatment is treated as a blemish in the history of the United States to the United States citizens who learn about it. This is not the case at all for the Japanese-American people who experienced this, as well as the relatives of these people. The management of these people was a unrelenting and unjust act that was never shown for the harshness that it truly is. In Germany, it was called concentration camps, and it is known around the world as the worst time in history. In the United States, people brush the subject away, not showing any concern. In any other commonwealth, the United States would have been horrified, but it happened in our country. Thus, since the country is always right, this cruelty is ignored.

Japanese Internment Camps Essays -- Japanese-Americans in WWII

World War II was a time of deliberate hate among groups of innocent people who were used as scapegoats. Japanese-Americans were persecuted due to the event that they looked like citizens of Japan, who had attacked the unite States on December 7th, 1941 at the naval base, Pearl Harbor. This hatred toward the group was due to newspapers creating a scare for the American people, as sound as the government restricting the rights of Japanese-Americans. The Japanese-Americans were mistreated during World War II for no other reason than being different. These men, women, and children were loathed by the American public for looking like the people of the Japanese army that had attacked the United States. These people were only hated by association, even though many had come to the United States to make up a better life for their family.The federal government ruled most of the reasons behind Japanese internment camps. Further than two-thirds of the Japanese who were sentenced to internm ent camps in the shape of 1942 were in fact United States citizens. The internment camps were the centerpiece for legal confines of minorities. Most camps were exceedingly overcrowded and with deprived living conditions. The conditions included tarpaper-covered barracks of simple frame bend with bulge plumbing or cooking facilities of any kind. Unfortunately, coal was very hard to come by for the internees, so most would only have the blankets that were rationed out to sleep on. As for food, the all toldotment was about 48 cents per internee. This food was served in a mess hall of about 250 people and by other internees. leaders positions within the camp were only given to the American-born Japanese, or Nisei. Eventually, the government decided that... ... group of citizens was treated during this time. Unfortunately, this is most likely due to the fact that it exposes the worst of the United States government. This treatment is treated as a blemish in the history of the United States to the United States citizens who learn about it. This is not the case at all for the Japanese-American people who experienced this, as well as the relatives of these people. The management of these people was a cruel and unjust act that was never shown for the harshness that it truly is. In Germany, it was called concentration camps, and it is known around the world as the worst time in history. In the United States, people brush the subject away, not wake any concern. In any other country, the United States would have been horrified, but it happened in our country. Thus, since the country is always right, this cruelty is ignored.

Ethics And Issues Essay

How should informs deal with Internet plagiarism? There are m both ways as to how a school bottom of the inning deal with internet plagiarism. Firstly, they should teach their students the importance of writing a fair work and the worth of hard work it has. Students need to know that every composition written by them is their own accomplished hard work that is entirely original. In such a way, they turn over learned the essential elements of the work that the school teacher wanted them to work on. In other words, they have succeeded in meeting the requirements of the coursework, no matter what grade they get.Secondly, teachers should highly emphasize on the publication of ethics and ethical writing to the students. Ap contrivance from these, a school has to be up-to-date regarding the different ways as to how the students plagiarize. Keeping a track on the past papers of the previous is one way. The other is to use anti-plagiarism software today. The popular software used these days by the universities is Turnitin. com or Mydropbox. com. Students should be taught that plagiarism is a crime and is equivalent to stealing.Altering digital photos Art or FraudSimilar to plagiarizing, altering digital photos is pseud and can earn correct legal consequences if used for financial or academic gains. Altering digital photos and stating it as your own work is like stealing someone elses work, fashioning some additions and stating it as your own. Just as the painting of Mona Lisa will always be the work of Leonardo Da Vinci, no matter how altered it is, any work done on anybodys presently done work is a crime. In my opinion, altering digital photos can never be an art but a fraud because the original work is done by someone else. Photojournalism is mostly subjected to this fraud.If altering digital photos was to be considered as art, many spate would misuse it to present as legal evidences. Since the natures of digital photos are, in a way, alterable, these piece s are never considered as a piece of legal evidence. Software have been developed where any alter in the digital images are spotted and traced that avoids altering of any digital piece as well (Pearson, 2006). Altering any image or piece for ones own benefit in order to gain money is a crime, thus a fraud and not an art. Just as a re-mix music cannot be regarded as an original piece of art, altering digital photos, too cannot be regarded as an art.

Unmistakably Racist

Miami is a state of America and so thus Michigan. These two states are both progressive like some(prenominal) other states in America. But when one tackles about the racism that is happening in those two states, there are some things that are surprisingly odd.After course session the article written by William Booth entitled A White Migration North from Miami, I easily got the gist of the article which says There is a racism that is happening in Miami. And from that very mind of the fact that racism is present there, Michigan is no doubt a good comparison with that of Miami.On my own understand of racism, I define it as a discrimination of a superior race over the inferior ones. In the article of Booth, he cited many instances wherein the Americans determine that they are macrocosm discriminated because of the fact that their population is sackly a minority in the state.It seems that wherever they go, even in malls, food chains or organisation institutions, the people are S panish speakers. They really ascertain that the place is non theirs anymore because of the massive invasion of the Spanish harangue people. To make the racism clear enough, I want to conclude from what Booth says in the article, that whoever holds the most population, they are the ones who are more likely rule the place just like what happened in Miami.It is true that there is a reverse racism in Miami. Americans usually think that they are the superior race. But in the case of Miami, Spanish speaking people become the superior class because of their increasing numbers. In Michigan, Americans still reign the seat of superior class.Tracing back the history, the White Americans were discriminating the Black Americans. virtuoso good example of it was the way the students were treated. According to Zbrozek of The Daily Michigan, blacks, unlike the whites, were not allowed to attend dance classes and to use swimming pools.He also said that blacks were also not enjoying the rights of w hite students to join political activities in school. The discrimination of whites towards the blacks is very evident.Nowadays, there was still some racism that is happening in Michigan but not that bad like before just like what Monique Luse said because as what Isaac Curtis in the article written by Jeff Barr that a good man is no doubt a good man no matter what his color and race. And Black Americans have already proven their worth in the society.I think my point is now clear enough. Booth is right. The majority wins over the minority and in this case, it is not an exemption. Are you the one who is discriminating someone or the one who is being discriminated? If you are the racist one, have you ever wondered if discriminating people are good habit to do?What if you go to a place where you and your class are being discriminated because of the apparent fact that you are a minority group of people in that particular place? Do you think you will feel good? Come to think of it as earl y as now. You will never know what will be the twist of fate do unto you.Works CitedBooth, William. A White Migration North from Miami. The World is a Text.Sliverman , Jonathan. Rader, Dean. 9 November 1998. Washington Post Staff Writer. 28 June 2008. http//www.fiu.edu/fcf-whiteflight.htmlZbrozek, Chris. Confronting the racism in Michigans history. The Michigan Daily.11 April 2007.Barr, Jeff. troupe taught lessons of racism. Michigan News. 14 February 2008. Luse, Monique. Telephone Interview. 2 January 2002.

Causes of Tsunamis

sunami the Great gesticulates Tsunami is a Japanese word with the English translation, harbor wave. Represented by devil characters, the top character, tsu, means harbor, while the bottom character, nami, means wave. In the past, tsunamis were sometimes referred to as tidal waves by the general public, and as seismic sea waves by the scientific community. The term tidal wave is a misnomer although a tsunamis impact upon a coastline is dependent upon the tidal level at the time a tsunami strikes, tsunamis are unrelated to the tides.Tides result from the imbalanced, extraterrestrial, gravitational influences of the moon, sun, and planets. The term seismic sea wave is also misleading. Seismic implies an earthquake-related generation mechanism, but a tsunami groundwork also be caused by a nonseismic event, such as a kingdomslide or meteorite impact. Tsunamis are a threat to life and property to anyone living near the ocean. For example, in 1992 and 1993 over 2,000 pile were kille d by tsunamis occurring in Nicaragua, Indonesia and Japan. Property damage was nearly one billion dollars.The 1960 Chile Earthquake generated a Pacific-wide tsunami that caused widespread death and last in Chile, Hawaii, Japan and other areas in the Pacific. Large tsunamis have been known to rise over 100 feet, while tsunamis 10 to 20 feet high can be very destructive and cause many deaths and injuries. What Cause Tsunamis? Tsunamis, also called seismic sea waves or, incorrectly, tidal waves, generally are caused by earthquakes, less ordinarily by submarine landslides, infrequently by submarine volcanic eruptions and very rarely by a large meteorite impact in the ocean.Submarine volcanic eruptions have the potential to produce truly awesome tsunami waves. The Great Krakatau Volcanic Eruption of 1883 generated giant waves reaching circus tents of 125 feet above sea-level, killing thousands of people and wiping tabu numerous coastal villages. Ring of Fire About two-thirds of the e arth is covered by the waters of the four oceans. The Pacific Ocean is the worlds largest, covering much than one third of the total surface area of our planet.The Pacific Ocean is surrounded by a series of mountain chains, deep ocean trenches and island arcs, sometimes called a ring of fire. The great surface of the Pacific Ocean and the large earthquakes associated with the ring of fire combine to produce deadly tsunamis. Tsunamis on the Move Wave Height and Water Depth In the open ocean a tsunami is less than a few feet high at the surface, but its wave height increases rapidly in shallow water. Tsunamis wave energy extends from the surface to the bottom in the deepest waters.As the tsunami attacks the coastline, the wave energy is compressed into a much shorter outer space creating destructive, live-threatening waves. In the deep ocean, destructive tsunamis can be smalloften only a few feet or less in heightand cannot be seen nor can they be felt by ships. But, as the tsunam i reaches shallower coastal waters, wave height can increase rapidly. Sometimes, coastal waters are drawn out into the ocean just before the tsunami strikes.When this occurs, more shoreline may be exposed than even at the lowest tide. This major withdrawal of the sea should be taken as a warning of the tsunami waves that will follow How Fast? Where the ocean is over 20,000 feet deep, unnoticed tsunami waves can actuate at the speed of a commercial-grade jet plane, nearly 600 miles per hour. They can move from one side of the Pacific Ocean to the other in less than a day. This great speed makes it pregnant to be aware of the tsunami as soon as it is generated.Scientists can predict when a tsunami will arrive since the speed of the waves varies with the square root of the water depth. Tsunamis travel much slower in shallower coastal waters where their wave heights begin to increase dramatically. How Big? Offshore and coastal features can determine the size and impact of tsunami wa ves. Reefs, bays, entrances to rivers, undersea features and the slop of the beach all help to modify the tsunami as it attacks the coastline.When the tsunami reaches the coast and moves inland, the water level can rise many feet. In extreme cases, water level has risen to more than 50 feet for tsunamis of distant origin and over 100 feet for tsunami waves generated near the earthquakes epicenter. The first wave may not be the largest in the series of waves. One coastal community may see no damaging wave activity while in another(prenominal) community destructive waves can be large and violent. The flooding can extend inland by 1000 feet or more, covering large expanses of land with water and debris.

Boony Doon Case Essay

CASE FORMATTING RULES AND CONTENT GUIDELINES/ CASE QUESTIONS FOR BONNY DOON VINEYARDI Formatting rulesThe case write-ups should be typed and double spaced, 12 point boldness (Times New Roman), normal margins with a maximum length of 5 pages which you can split between text, numerical tabulations or appendices as you see fit. You should have a cover page with your names, student numbers, title and course section. You can add the table of contents page and 1 page with the appendices. I expect that it give take you about 3.5 pages to do the depth psychology (points 1to 4) and about 1.5 pages for points 4 to 7.II Content guidelinesThe structure of your report should follow the following template1. Brief description of current position/outlook of Bonny Doon (about 1 paragraph)2. Firm Analysis(This deviate should include business model, business-level strategy and position, value chain model analysis analysis of the firms resources, capabilities and competitive advantage, organizationa l analysis (management, ownership) profitability analysis (please make sure to include relevant numbers).3. Industry analysisThis part should include basic descriptors (size of the market, key players, demand) Porters 5 forces model, life-cycle model, key success factors (what it takes to be successful in this manufacturing) economics of the industry (profitability, costs and revenues) industrysoverall attractiveness (including the past performance and projected growth)4. Strategic problem/issue identification and definition5. Generation of alternatives6. Recommendation(s)7. Brief implementation planIII Case Guidelines/major points for Bonny Doon VineyardsReference point You are writing a report as consultants to Bonny Doon. Your report will be presented to their senior management. Here are the principal(prenominal) points for your report. 1Describe the current environment for Bonny Doon, including competition and the market trends in the California wine industry at the measure of the case. 2.Outline the main features of Bonny Doons business strategy. What are its benefits and drawbacks in the light of current situation? Why has Bonny Doon been so successful? 3What are the main challenges and strategic problems facing Bonny Doon?4.In light of the problems that Bonny Doon is facing, what would you recommend to their management?You should attach a statement to this write-up, which should be signed by all members of the group, indicating that this is all told the groups own work, is based exclusively on the information provided in the case, and that each group member contributed their best.

Modern Technology Has Brought the Resurgence of Identity Theft Essay

identity element theft is one crime that has spawned from technological advancements. Criminals have developed numerous strategies on how to steal confidential and personal information. Dealing with individuality theft may be a challenge since law enforcement personnel may non be fully competent in handling the cases since they may lack the required skills to be able to deal with much(prenominal) a crime while private pot and even businesses have lost often because of this type of crime.The number of cases of individuation operator theft has been constantly on the rise however, the prevalence of the crime may as well be blamed on modern applied science itself. Modern technology has brought about many conveniences for ordinary people and even for identity thieves. From tho less than 10,000 subject argonaed cases of identity theft in 1999, the figure steadily climbed reaching around 50,000 in 2003 and more than 80,000 in 2006 (Infocycle, 2007). In the United Kingdom, credit card fraud has likewise been consistently increasing.In 2007, over 7,000 credit cards and debit cards were either lost or stolen. CPP Card Protection has indicated a 77 percentage increase in credit card fraud compared to the figure on 2006 (Experian QAS, 2008). According to a study by Gartner, identity theft claimed 15 one thousand thousand victims in 2006 alone. The US Justice Department has recorded 226 cases of identity theft in 2005 unless in the first half of 2006 alone, there were already 432 cases. The FBI besides indicated that it is working on 1,587 cases relating to identity theft (ITRC, 2007).Preventing identity theft may not be as easy as it seems. Joel Reidenberg and Lawrence Lessig said concentrating on the architectures of get over to veto identity theft is the way to go. Solove, on the other hand, indicates that architectures of vulnerability should withal be considered in addition to architectures of control. According to Solove, shaping architectures shoul d be the focal point in the protection of privacy and not on remedies and penalties. He noted that architectures often provide a vulnerable point that identity thieves take advantage of.It is this lack of security that identity thieves are able to use a persons personal information. He suggests that a general identification system be created as a solution to the problem (Solove, 2003). It is exactly new technology that produces these architectures and they are greatly flawed since many people can still bypass its security functions evidenced by the prevalence of identity theft on the Internet. Identity theft has gained much notoriety in the advent of buying and selling on the Internet.However, identity thieves can still use the old methods for obtaining personal information. Common methods are stealing wallets or mails, feeling through residential trashcans or business dumpsters, posing as someone legally permitted to access personal information such as credit reports, or bribing their way to get the information (Newman, et. al. 2005). A phishing scam is another method of getting personal information out of a person. The Anti-Phishing Workgroup indicated that there are hardly 4,564 phishing websites in July 2005 but the number increased to 23,670 as of July 2006.A study at the University of Indiana also indicated that 14 percent of phishing scams are successful which contradicts the Gartner report which indicates only a three percent success rate. The Gartner research also found out that financial losses from phishing scams were $137 million in 2004 rising to $2. 8 billion in 2006 (ITRC, 2007). The fight against identity theft may be considered rather ineffective since law enforcement personnel lack the necessary resources to combat such a crime which is computer-related.Britz indicates that this kind of crime requires law enforcers to have knowledge of computers and other digital stuff. It may be noted that many law enforcement agencies do not have well-tr ained personnel to deal out such cases. These personnel may also be acting several capacities at a prone time. information processing system technology has increased at an exponential rate as did technology related crime and this would require that law enforcers be trained to effectively handle such crimes (Britz, 2004). As technology improves, security is being compromised and this can be proven by the increasing number of identity theft crimes.While it is confessedly that online banking and other services on the Internet provide much convenience, it also provides lesser risks of capture for identity thieves. Law enforcers could do little do prevent identity theft or to investigate such since not all of them have the capacity to do so and identity thieves are improving their arsenal of identity stealing techniques. Technology might also be considered as the root of the prevalence of identity theft. Even as identity theft was not considered a crime before 1998, it has existed fo r a long time.Modern computing and telecommunications technology has once again popularized identity theft since identity thieves can get out elude law enforcers compared to going to a bank and making a transaction using stolen information (Arnold, 2000). Legislation has always tried to address cyber crime, but it is challenging for lawmakers to keep up since technology quickly evolves and cyber crime evolves with it. A good flack would be improving security measures, educating users, adopting a vigilant approach in combating cyber crime and a police force that is well-equipped to handle such crimes (Alaganandam, et. al. , 2005).Identity theft and other cyber crimes are also classified as pink-collar crimes, thus, offenders do not receive harsh penalties. They can even use the money plundered to pay for their defense and they serve at least only one year in prison (Arnold, 2000). Identity thieves must be dealt with harsher penalties since they operate on a much larger scale today and are even comparable to bank robbers only less inclined to being caught and given much less media attention.The number of cases of identity theft is increasing at an exponential rate but this could most likely be blamed on modern technology especially since the Internet has become commercialized. New technology comes with new opportunities for identity thieves to gain access to personal information and using it for personal gains. Legislation can address this problem but it would prove to be a challenge since identity thieves are finding new ways of how to steal personal information as technology develops.Legislation must also address this by rendering harsher penalties for cyber criminals as they operate just like ordinary criminals, the only difference is that they work discreetly and have not been given media attention. Also, the victims do not really know that they have been victimized until after some time the thieving takes places. References Alaganandam, H. , Mittal, P. , Singh, A. , & Fleizach, C. , 6 December 2005. Cybercriminal Activity. Retrieved September 7, 2008, from sysnet. ucsd. edu/cfleizac/WhiteTeam-CyberCrime. pdf Arnold, T. 2000 June.Internet Identity Theft A Tragedy for Victims. Software and Information Industry Association. Retrieved September 7, 2008, from www. siia. net/software/pubs/iit-00. pdf Britz, M. (2004). Computer Forensics and Cyber Crime An Introduction. Upper Saddle River, NJ Pearson assimilator Hall. Experian QAS. 22 August 2008. Holiday Fraud Threat. Retrieved September 3, 2008, from http//www. qas. co. uk/company/data-quality-news/holiday_fraud_threat_2614. htm Identity Theft Resource Center. 30 April 2007. Facts and Statistics. Retrieved September 3, 2008, from http//www. idtheftcenter.org/artman2/publish/m_facts/Facts_and_Statistics. shtml Infocycle. (2007). Government Bodies Must romance Their Part in Securing Against Identity Theft. Retrieved September 3, 2008, from http//www. infocycle. co. uk/index. php? option =com_content&task=view&id=43&Itemid=43 Newman, G. & McNally, M. 2005 July. Identity Theft Literature Review. Retrieved September 3, 2008, from http//www. ncjrs. gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/210459. pdf. Solove, D. (2003). Privacy, and the Architecture of Vulnerability. battle of Hastings Law Journal, 54. p. 1227. Retrieved September 3, 2008, from http//ssrn. com/abstract=416740

Dead and Breakfast Essay

The person who killed dusty could have been anyone of these people, they all had motive but merely one of them was desperate generous to kill one of his closest friends. (720)The murderer must have been wearing gloves when he set the table again because he left traces of sodium, carbon, iron, and gold. When the Murderer byword his chance, he took it. 725)Right when the table had been set and no one was around he slipped the Potassium cyanide into mothys cup. Now potassium cyanide is a leaden thing to come by and only someone who had worked with it for many an(prenominal) years would have known the right amount to give to Dusty to make him get around dead. (735) Dusty returns down stairs to finish his breakfast. (740) Dusty takes one drink then five minutes later he drops dead. Now let me conform to you in on how all this evidence plays into this. Mr. Horace Throat had been experiencing some money problems with the mob and really need this auction to go well.Horace was countin g on Dusty to help him out but when he let him down, he snapped. Horace had been working in metal finishing for many years and he used the very(prenominal) gloves as he did to work as he did to place the cyanide in the drink, which is how the traces of gold ended up on the table. Second Dusty was the only one of that group of people who had already had potassium cyanide on him because he was already doing work for Dusty. Horace Throat killed one of his closest friends and best buyers of many years just for money to pay off the mob.

Philosophical Belief Essay

What is the theme of humankind as it relates the cogitation of psychology (ontology)? Since conviction immemorial, humans extradite questivirtuosod their own existence and their traffichip to what is nigh them. The field of ontology is complex, having integrated skill and engineering skill into its sphere with the advent of artificial intelligence, medical science, and advanced exploration technologies. Yet in the swallowning, Plato and Aristotle were considered the first genuine ontologists (Biography. ms, n. d. ). They were the first to call attention to the states of being and categories of being physical objects, reasons, classes, properties and relations.It is human nature to question our ace of being, such as what we atomic number 18, why be here, who we are and why other people and things are around us. The nature of the mind is to probe into its world, perceived by the senses, and make some amount of sense of it all. Ontology is the primeval basis for metaph ysics, which includes all of science and religion. From the first questions relating to the existence of a supreme being or nature spirits or flush the concept of having a spirit, ontology was born.When we first begin to associate ourselves as beings, we are practicing ontology. Naturally, part of set upmental psychology falls into this category. Human nature dictates that we identify ourselves as an idiosyncratic, as a part of a family unit, as a student of a school, a member of a community. Ontology is the some complete concept of psychological being, since our earliest concepts are being-based. Once humankind forces more complex and intertwined, we begin to convention ontology with regard to cultures, countries and continents, as well as religions.In this way, each thing that tail be named is considered an ontological thing, since it exists. We also suffer split ontology into very(prenominal) diverse cosmologies this is where we house be bed very divide Christianity as opposed to Islam, for example. Each religion exists, and is composed of rituals and systems that ease up ontological definitions. Yet the attachment to ones own identity or one religions identity can be make love dangerous when taken to an extreme. It is our nature to categorize and retain what suits us and reject what is unpleasant.Yet behind these decisions, fussyly when speaking of ideas (or myths or legends) as if they actually exist in experimental real numberity is a sledding from logic. From the days of the ancients to the present, ontology is largely now used in the science, in the gain of empirical education of active things and the relationships between them (Gregg H. Rosenberg, 1997). We continually explore the interrelationships of our world, leaving science as the main, if not plainly, modern form of form-only(prenominal) ontology practiced today. What once began as a philosophy has transformed into pure science.As we continue to develop increasingly compl ex technologies in the forms of artificial intelligence, ontology will no inquiry take on a different meaning and be applied to different circumstances than of all time before. This is only on the surface, however. Ontology, even though not named until recently in human history, has been with us since we began, as creatures, to life beyond our simple(a) survival as a species and consider our relationship to what is around and even beyond us. How do we kip down what we realise in relation to the field of psychology (epistemology)?The m every(prenominal) branches of psychology that exist today cook the gaining of recogniseledge inwardly the studies of developmental, cognitive, educational, social, etc. these fall under the philosophical domain of epistemology (synonymous with Theory of Knowledge). We question how we come to know certain things and study ways of learning, retaining and using knowledge. The concept of epistemology is very simple. How do we know what we know? B ut the application of this method is quite a complex (Keith De Rose, 2003). Much of the knowledge we gain in any given day is via other people such as friends, family and co-workers.We also gain knowledge in school, from television and books and on the Internet. But how often do we question the source? Now we can gather how complex epistemology becomes. Lets offer that Alice tells Jim that Steve is a thief. Jim has never known Alice to lie. In fact, Alices reputation is sterling in terms of credibility. Without any further inquiry, Jim believes Alice and has nothing further to do with Steve. How logical is that? Is it genuine knowledge? No, it isnt. Jim simply knows what Alice has told him and it may or may not throw anything to do with reality.This is where the games of the mind come into play. First we are told something and it becomes knowledge. From that knowledge we form a paradigm. Later we discover that what we know, or believe, is false. We must kind our paradigm and everything attached to it. This is the stuff of war. If we look at knowledge, we can only truly know what we ourselves experience. We only learn by experimentation and our own inquiry. We are limited in how much we can know due to our limited senses. Epistemology is concerned with propositional knowledge, such as what is true.It is not so concerned with how to do things (Peter D. Klein, 1998 2006). This is where history, religion, politics, possibility and other non-empirical learning comes into question. When it comes to the intangible topics in our lives, how do we know? Tradition holds that what we come to know in an empirical manner (the sun rises every day, the stomach growls when one is hungry, if a horse flattens its ears, it is angry) is real knowledge. These are repeatable events that we no longer notice because we know that they will occur with regularity.Platos argument was what we have come to know as Transcendental Realism. This means we come to know something through knowing its form and the smorgasbords it undergoes. Aristotle put forth the idea that a form does not transcend the material thing. Knowledge is the accordance between thought and fact. Going deeper into this form of philosophy and addressing how we know what we know in the field of psychology, we would have to say that we observe certain behavioral patterns as they relate to prevailing patterns in society, but the real question is, how real is psychology?We cannot empirically see a thought or the connections between thoughts we can only observe behaviors and listen to the thoughts of others in determining their psychological status. Psychology is something that is not static, therefore it does not adhere to the definition of truth in the strictest sense. What is the region of morals and moral belief in the practice of psychology (axiology, moral psychology)? In order for psychology to be at all effective, the practitioner must tell apart what is of apprize to the client the o bserver must take note of what is of value to those being observed.What we value is what motivates us, and while we all value different things in different proportions, we do tend to hold ordinary set as a species. One common value is survival. Survival is an interspecies value and can be utilized to study a wide range of behaviors at a basic level. As adults we should know the difference between right and wrong, and we have likely learned the value of our culture or group (Robert N. Barger, Ph. D. , 2000). According to Kohlbergs stages of moral development, it is understood that people progress through a series of stages of moral development.Beginning with Level 1, most people (according to Kohlberg) pass through a series of sextette identifiable stages within three levels (Barger). Kohlberg believed that most adults never progressed beyond the second level of conventional faith the third level, post-conventional morality, was unattainable by most adults and Kohlberg never me t anyone who met the criteria of comprehending social mutuality and respect for a global principle and the demands of an individual conscience. In the practice of psychology, ones moral beliefs are the glue that holds an individual together through life.While the beliefs may change (and through psychological intervention they often do), the basic values of an individual are relatively unchanging once set in childhood and through social interaction. Practicing psychology is a continual process of setting priorities, which involves axiology. In a society that is ever more diverse and challenging, it is critical in the field of psychology to engage in axiological thought in order to better assist clients with their own axiological processes.The very process of basic decision- make involves making priorities, and when priorities conflict over a long period of time, stresses occur that changes an individuals behavior markedly. Since axiology is the study of how people determine the val ue of different things, it is of great importance that a psychologist can determine the values of a client in order for therapy to be effective. Assignments of value can either represent or distort reality (Clear Direction Inc. 2001). Since valuations are unique to each individual, they progress to individual thought habits, which get word what the true value is, even if it is simply a habit and not a true value. If the thinking habit distorts reality enough to render someone dysfunctional, the method of thinking needs to be evaluated and changed to a healthier pattern. Then new things take higher value than the old ones, and in theory the devastating thinking pattern is disrupted.Practicing psychology with an understanding of axiology and how it affects individuals, families, and cultures is critical, since western society is under continual pressure to change its priorities, causing enormous stresses on its members for example, if a parent places a higher value on sacred beli efs than their childs education, the child potentially suffers withdrawal from mainstream society and the opportunity to grow and thrive in that very same society.Do you see a place for religious belief, spirituality, political, and socioeconomic philosophy within psychology (teleology, metaphysics, economics)? In a word, yes. From the dawn of time, rightly or wrongly, humans have incorporated the preceding(prenominal) disciplines into their daily lives and because they are an integral part of human consciousness they must be present, or at least understood, in the study/practice of psychology.It cannot be emphasized enough that our world is rapidly changing, our values and beliefs are changing, and in our Western society those changes can lead to dangerous consequences, such as extremism and violence. The usance of psychology is the study of human behavior, and the more complete an understanding of the causations of those behaviors, the better it is for the discipline of psycholo gy, which does have its grow in philosophy. No matter the progression of the physical sciences, it can be clearly argued that thought, belief and a value system has not been proven to be strictly mechanical.That being said, however, does not give the field of psychology carte blanche to incorporate intelligent design or any other religious alternative in its practice. Much more study is needed before one can categorically say that psychology is an entirely separate discipline than the above mentioned, for the very factors in the previous pages of this essay are what build the individual personality. No matter the prevailing belief in ones society, the mind is free to accept or reject it on whatever grounds of inquiry the individual has undertaken.It is the role of the psychologist to understand the importance of a spiritual belief to many people belief systems are the underpinnings of every society, and the goal of psychology should be to better understand the purpose of such beli ef systems rather than indifference them due to their lack of empirical evidence. Reams of books can be written on this one question, no doubt for and against. The issue is so complex and convoluted due to the emotions involved and the agendas of each side for attempting to gain the top(prenominal) hand. Yet this is, in itself, a study.What is it that is propelling Westerners to go to such lengths as to change laws regarding education of two sides? Before categorically stating that teleology, metaphysics, etc. has no place in psychology, we must consider that in assessing how theories or behaviors or thoughts develop, we do not understand the science behind them hence, no empirical support is on tap(predicate) in the strictest sense (Jean Bricmont, 1997). An individual in the social sciences can corroborate with those in the empirical sciences, even so the meaning attached to findings is a function of recognition of repeating patterns that cannot be measured by empirical means. This automatically throws metaphysics and other ambiguous categories into the mix. We must also remember that scientists are also humans with the very same patterns of cognitive development as everyone else their jealously guarded positions within their areas of specialty are a study in themselves one could even go as far as to say that they have formed a belief system all their own, to which they are as emotionally attached as any religious zealot.This is where psychology must be balanced in incorporating some(prenominal) empirical science and philosophy of mind. In order to understand what the driving force is behind teleology, we can only look at the results of its presence. We cannot empirically measure its growth and various ways of metamorphosis. While people can have ideas, people are not ideas in the empirical sense (Ian Heath, 2003). Wilhelm Wendt put the role of psychology quite succinctly in his three general principles of psychology 1) Inner, or psychological, experienc e is not a special sphere of experience apart from others, but is immediate experience in its totality. 2) This immediate experience is not made up of unchanging contents, but of an interconnection of processes not of objects, but of occurrences, of universal human experiences and their relations in accordance with certain laws. 3) Each, of these processes contains an objective content and a subjective process, thus including the general conditions both of all knowledge and of all practical human activity (Wilhelm Wendt, 1897).In maintaining these principles and staying focused on the fundamental purpose of psychology, this discipline can easily incorporate belief systems into its practice by understanding them to be what they are inner experiences that propel external behavior. Incorporating ideas and beliefs into psychology from the standpoint of better serving humanity in an attempt to understand itself and better educate itself is necessary for a dynamic global society that has the aim to make what is simple complicated and what is important irrelevant in the face of fact.It is my belief that rather than create ever-new branches of psychology that focus on a small part of the function of individuals or groups, it would behoove the science of psychology to remember its roots and ethical standards in practice. Psychology should refrain from becoming political, yet acknowledge that is existence in politics is important.

The Voting Rights Act of 1965

The 1965 command By 1965 concerted efforts to break the grip of state disfranchisement had been under way for some time, but had achieved but modest success overall and in some areas had proved almost entirely ineffectual. The murder of right to vote-rights activists in Philadelphia, Mississippi, gained national attention, along with numerous other acts of violence and terrorism.Finally, the unprovoked attack on March 7, 1965, by state troopers on peaceful marchers crossing the Edmund Pettus Bridge in Selma, Alabama, en route to the state capitol in Montgomery, persuaded the President and Congress to overcome Southern legislators resistance to effective choose rights legislation. President Johnson issued a blazon out for a strong voting rights natural law and hearings began soon thereafter on the bill that would become the choose Rights do.Congress dictated that the existing federal anti- secernment laws were not sufficient to overcome the resistance by state officials to enf orcement of the fifteenth Amendment. The legislative hearings showed that the Department of Justices efforts to eliminate prejudiced election practices by litigation on a private basis had been unsuccessful in opening up the registration process as soon as one loaded practice or procedure was proven to be un fundamental and enjoined, a bare-ass one would be substituted in its place and litigation would have to commence anew.President Johnson signed the resulting legislation into law on August 6, 1965. particle 2 of the Act, which closely followed the language of the 15th amendment, applied a across the country prohibition against the denial or abridgment of the right to vote on the literacy tests on a across the nation basis. Among its other provisions, the Act contained special enforcement provisions targeted at those areas of the country where Congress believed the potential for discrimination to be the greatest.Under Section 5, jurisdictions covered by these special provisi ons could not implement any change touch voting until the Attorney General or the United States District tribunal for the District of Columbia determined that the change did not have a discriminatory purpose and would not have a discriminatory effect. In addition, the Attorney General could designate a county covered by these special provisions for the trying on of a federal tester to review the qualifications of persons who wanted to register to vote.Further, in those counties where a federal examiner was serving, the Attorney General could request that federal observers monitor activities within the countys polling place. The Voting Rights Act had not include a provision prohibiting poll taxes, but had directed the Attorney General to challenge its use. In harper v. Virginia State Board of Elections, 383 U. S. 663 (1966), the Supreme Court held Virginias poll tax to be unconstitutional under the fourteenth Amendment.Between 1965 and 1969 the Supreme Court also issued several ke y decisions upholding the constitutionality of Section 5 and affirming the broad range of voting practices that required Section 5 review. As the Supreme Court put it in its 1966 decision upholding the constitutionality of the Act Congress had found that case-by-case litigation was inadequate to combat wide-spread and persistent discrimination in voting, because of the overweening amount of time and energy required to overcome the obstructionist tactics invariably encountered in these lawsuits.After abide nearly a century of systematic resistance to the Fifteenth Amendment, Congress might well find to shift the advantage of time and inertia from the perpetrators of the evil to its victims. South Carolina v. Katzenbach, 383 U. S. 301, 327-28 (1966). Back to heyday The 1970 and 1975 Amendments Congress extended Section 5 for five years in 1970 and for seven years in 1975. With these extensions Congress validate the Supreme Courts broad interpretation of the scope of Section 5.Dur ing the hearings on these extensions Congress heard extensive evidence concerning the ways in which voting electorates were manipulated finished gerrymandering, annexations, adoption of at-large elections, and other structural changes to prevent newly-registered corrosive voters from effectively using the ballot. Congress also heard extensive testimony about voting discrimination that had been suffered by Hispanic, Asian and Native American citizens, and the 1975 amendments added protections from voting discrimination for language minority citizens.In 1973, the Supreme Court held certain legislative multi-member districts unconstitutional under the 14th Amendment on the ground that they systematically diluted the voting strength of minority citizens in Bexar County, Texas. This decision in White v. Regester, 412 U. S. 755 (1973), strongly shaped litigation through the 1970s against at-large systems and gerrymandered redistricting plans. In Mobile v. Bolden, 446 U. S. 5 (1980), ho wever, the Supreme Court required that any constitutional claim of minority vote dilution must include proof of a racially discriminatory purpose, a requirement that was widely seen as making such claims far more difficult to prove. Back to top The 1982 Amendments Congress renewed in 1982 the special provisions of the Act, triggered by coverage under Section 4 for twenty-five years. Congress also adopted a new standard, which went into effect in 1985, providing how jurisdictions could terminate (or release out from) coverage under the provisions of Section 4.Furthermore, after extensive hearings, Congress amended Section 2 to provide that a plaintiff could establish a violation of the Section without having to prove discriminatory purpose. The 2006 Amendments Congress renewed the special provisions of the Act in 2006 as part of the Fannie Lou Hamer, Rosa Parks, Coretta Scott King, Cesar E. Chavez, Barbara Jordan, William Velazquez and Dr. ballyrag Garcia Voting Rights Act Reauthor ization and Amendments Act. The 2006 legislation eliminated the provision for voting examiners.

Icts in the Tourism Industry and Its Influences on the Tourist Consumer Behaviour

The tourerry persistence lots requirements a sundry(a) chuck of culture to satisfy and attracts its consumers and that slightly of this teaching is delivered promptly to the customers with the help of the tuition and dialogue technologies (Poon, 1993). And as result, the world-wide tourism manu facturing is rapidly changing and the breeding and communication technologies ( ICTs) such(prenominal) as the net profit is altering the structure of tourism persistence and how it commercialize his products and conducts its promotion.In nine to run into the role and impacts that ICTs has in the wider tourism industry and to come up its mildews on the phaeton consumer conduct, it is advised to first know what ICTs be and to comprehend the hire on consumer behaviour base on the tourism industry. Information and communication technologies ar defined as the collective term habituated to the close recent development in the mode (electronic) and the mechanisms (com dropers and communication theory technologies) used for the acquisitions, processing analysis, storage, retrieval, dissemination, and application of nurture (Poon 1993 cited in Buhalis 2003, p 7).It quarter in addition be defined as the use of digital tools for business functions and processes (Cooper et al 2005, p. 704). When tailing about ICTs, it consist of hardware (self service terminals), software (front office applications), and telecommunications (broadcast of images, teleconferencing ), and the groupware (tools for group communications such as email). The last one is the humanware which consist of skilled people responsible for the maintenance and programming. only(prenominal) of these are used in the tourism industry for a better guidance of operation and communication between stakeholders. The Tourism industry had really gained from the evolution of development technology with the emergence of computerised networks that change the full-page pose of the distribu tion and marketing of tourism products. The most popular and booming applications of ICT used in the tourism industry are the computer reservation systems, the global distribution systems and the internet.In the early 1970s, the airline industry developed the computer reservation systems, an application that became the most important channel of distribution for airlines, and even volumed hotel companies and tour operators started using it after they recognized the benefit of computerised system. The computer reservation system (CRSs) is essentially a database which manages the inventory of a tourism enterprise, whilst it distributes it electronically to remote sales ffices and external partners (Buhalis, 1998). It created the possibility for suppliers to quickly keep going the booking reservations made by consumers but the consumers were also able to use the CRSs to bother culture of antithetic destinations, packages holidays, and hotels, and used that entropy to compare pric es to find the best deal. The computer reservation system gave tourism institution the power to manage their products and trade with the rest of the world.The mid 1990 saw the computer reservation system emerged into the global distribution systems (GDSs), the system that distribute reservations and study operate to sales outlets roughly the world (Giaoutzi and Nijkamp 2006, p. 24). It did not just contains training of flights and hotels like the CRSs but had a wide range of services and products linked to tourism such as entertainment, car rental, lodging, train ticketing. Both the CRSs and the GDSs are known also to reduce the cost of communication, and to put forward information on the competition.During the time that the GDSs was developing, the internet and World Wide Web was providing direct opportunities for tourism suppliers to move with its customers by snaping less expensive information on services and destinations. Companies like easy-jet uses the internet to offe r its services directly to the customers and because the internet also offers consumer the possibility to tailor their own holiday, which is why websites like expedia are becoming expanding and popular.During every step of a transaction or deal of the tourism product, thither is a lot of information that wish to be exchange between every party involved. So the information and communication technologies role is to help the clients and tourism intermediaries encounter accessed to accurate information and data. These exchanges of information need to be done quickly as the suppliers rely on it to meets the customers requests. So the use of ICTs in the tourism industry has turned into a universal feature and power that help and manage information and transfer them all over the world instantaneously.And Buhalis (1998) states that the day to day operations of the tourism industry have been affected by the use of the ICTS. The distribution and marketing function of the tourism industry ha s been transformed as they use ICTs to fall guy the consumers meet their needs and also the studyion of information and communication technologies by the airlines companies has been an advantage point for them as it help them control and manage reservations. So t goes to say that the fundamental structure of the tourism industry has been reformed by ICTs and businesses involved in tourism leave alone need to keep improving their services to meet the increases take of customer demand that now require fast and accurate information. Despite the fact that the information and communication technologies has broaden the industry capacity of distribution, there are also some issues brought by the same ICTs that could impacts the future operation of the locomotion industry.According to Thorn and Chen (2005), the risk of losing human imaging in business is higher with the application of ICTs. The increase of demand of employees with raw technology skills has left be employees in fear o f losing their jobs as businesses are looking for way to accommodate those customers who need their suppliers to respond to reinvigorated sophisticated demand and information. In this case, it is up to the management team of each tourism business who adopt the use of new technology to offer some intensive training for staff in entrap to success.But beside the human resource impact, the most talked about impact is the issue of disintermediation in the tourism industry. Disintermediation slide by when suppliers and companies are met by a growing pressure from competitors and rising prices (Werthner and Klein, 2001), so to survive in this new technology environment, they set up their own distribution channel such as a website where they asshole directly offer the consumers the opportunity to tailor their own holiday and look through various range of products online.And by doing that they often save money and Thorn and Chen (2005) raise the fact that conk agencies are sort of a ri sk because of disintermediation which result to booking at travels agents going down by 35% and also they are at risk of losing some of their commissions that came from selling products from tours operators and airlines companies. ICTs caused then to deal with competitions and those who weednot often dawdle their business but there are always customers who look for the physical contact when it came to book their holiday.The need of face to face interaction still gives travel agents the chance to stay in the tourism chain. over the years, the information and communication technologies also had an impact on the consumer too, because of the improvements that ICTs begin on the quality of services given by tourism organisations. By allowing consumers to bear fast reservations or save money by study price through the internet, ICTs created a new persona of consumers who are now becoming more ophisticated and skilled. With the consumer behaviours changing, it is up to the tourism o rganisations to try and understand the motivation behind their choice of destination, or figure out the type of environment that influence their decision to purchase a product instead of another. All of these look intoes and their answers are sooner important as it would help suppliers and companies develop new marketing strategies for products that would reach the appropriate market.The study of consumer behaviour is based on finding out the reason why consumers purchase some products and seek to understand how they came to the decision of reservation that decision (Swarbrooke and Horner, 1999). This study gives organisations some clues on the why and how that customer came to harbour a choice between various destinations or products, so with any results find from this study, it forget enable them to head the customers and persuade them to buy their products because of the consumer previous make decision purchase.But for the consumers to make a decision there is a lot of fac tors that come to play and influence them toward the right product. Those factors are the determinants (what make you fill a holiday or not) and motivators (the drive to travel) (Swarbrooke and Horner, 1999). Determinants in consumer behaviour can be internal and external. Internal determinants often consist of factors which are personal to the customer such as choosing a travel destination based on work or business obligation, fear, health problems or commitment with family.Some of those are quite important and they tend to determine and have an effect on the type of travel to book or they can also prevent the consumer to travel. In the external determinant category, consumer can be influenced by the media about them, friends and sometimes a marketing campaign. Motivators in the other hand are the reasons that push the tourists toward travelling. often motivators are split into two different categories, the general motivators and the specific ones.Some general motivators mention ed by Thomas (1964, cited in Moutinho, 1987) are the cultural and educational motivators which push tourists to discover new culture and deportmentstyle, to do some travel to or explore monuments, and he also identified pleasure, adventure and relaxation as other motivators that permit people with a reason to travel, especially when trying to switch off from the daily routine of their life and just go on holiday to have some fun. And regarding the specific motivators, Moutinho (1987) also contributed in the study by aying that specific motivators tends to come from knowledge, previous experience , recommendation or opinions given by relatives and friends and it can also come from the travel organisation via the media. The study of consumer behaviour in tourism is helped by various types and processes adapted from others researchers which show clarifications on what goes on when consumers are deciding to make a purchase. In order to understand some behaviour of tourists, this ess ay will go through the destination decision making process, the recreational behaviour model and stimulus-response model of vendee behaviour.The tourism industry provides two types of products, the tangibles and the intangibles, but because most of it is intangibles, it is difficult to evaluate the products before purchasing so, it often down to images and information of the tourism products that the consumers can make a purchase decision. The tourist decision making process by kotler (1998) shows, that before coming to a decision about acquire a product, the consumer goes through various steps. These stages are the need of reference information search military rank of alternatives selection of services or products and the post purchase assessment.In the need of recognition of the buying decision process, the first thing for consumers is to acknowledge that they have a problem or need to purchase a service or products. And by being aware of their need, it is now up to the consum ers to find a solution that would give them satisfaction at the end. So its following to the second stage of information search where the customer is motivated into doing some intense research to find the correct information which will lead to a decision. There is lot of ways for the tourist to find the information needed.He can go through the search stage by using his own knowledge of the products or he will rely on the external search (Pan and Fesenmaier, 2006) which consist of advertising resources and personal ones. Brochures, travel books and relatives are some of the examples of sources that consumers used to find information, and because of these external sources, tourism organisation identify and learn about the sources since they provide consumers with valuable information that sway their decision.The internet is also another source for consumer to gain access to information in this stage of the decision making with Lake (2001) stressing that almost 95% of people collect i nformation related to travel via the internet and with 93% admitted to visit websites of tourism companies. After gathering enough information, the beside move for the consumer is the evaluation of alternative where come the process of comparing and finding the best solution of their problems.Often at this stage, the quality of the products and services will determine how much it is going to satisfy the consumer when they are trying to compare it the products with other alternatives (Kotler, 1998). During the purchase decision process, Kotler (1998) normally consumers have a tendency to buy their front-runner brands or products but occasionally the purchase decision become influenced by other people around the consumers, for example parents who are planning to book a holiday with younger children, will not choose an adult oriented holiday destination because they need to consider their children before going into the purchasing stage. acquire the products or service from a specific supplier is the fourth step and it will be premature to think that paying for the vacation is the end of the purchase decision process. In the post purchase evaluation, the consumer will make an assessment like some feedback to see if they had a happy experience when they used the products. A good experience will often lead the consumers to reuse the same products and verbally promote it. And the tourism organisations also find the post purchase stage really valuable to them as the satisfaction level of consumer will turn into loyalty toward the products or services.In the recreational behaviour model, researchers are looking to find oneself how consumers behave when they decide to travel and (Clawson and Knetch, 1966 cited in Hanlan, Fuller and Wilde, 2006) said that deciding to travel is not a simple process because it also has five phases that make use of some stages of the destination decision making process. The recreational behaviour model start with the anticipation phase where the consumer is thinking about the trip and where all the planning of the trip is being done by including the stage of need of recognition and search of information that was mentioned in the destination decision making process.After the planning phase, it is the travelling to the site stage which can also includes the mode of transport that the consumer is going to use to reach the destination. For example using the orient persuade as a mode of transport can be seen as a luxury travel experience by itself for the consumer even before they reach their destination. So once at the destination, the model next phase is the behaviour on the site where the consumer arrive to the destination and make use of the services gettable to him. The behaviour of the consumer once on site is widely influenced by his experience of the services offered.Everything that happened to the consumers during the stay at the destination will impact the last stage of this model, as after travelling back home, the consumers have to have a recollection and recall stage which will consist of the post purchase evaluation stage that Kotler identified in the decision process. Compare to other models of consumer behaviour, the stimulus-response model of buyer behaviour by Middleton (1994) has been modified in order to help the tourism organisation have an understanding of the consumer behaviour during the buying process.In this model, the determinants and motivators that influenced the buying behaviour of the consumer are separated from each other, and at the same time this model also looks at the impacts that the communication channel used by tourism organisation has on the tourist buying process. The stimulus response model of buying behaviour has been based on four elements with the buyer characteristics and decision process being at the core of the buying behaviour.The travel stimuli, the communication channels, the characteristic of the consumer unneurotic with the decision process have all an effect on the consumer buying behaviour. The characteristics of the buyer which is made of the motivators and determinants influence the consumer recognition of the travel stimuli and if the consumer is interested by the products that the travel stimulus offered, the decision making process will determine when the buying process will began. The development of Information and communication technologies transformed the tourist behaviour when it comes to searching, booking and buying processes.In the information search, the consumer has the opportunity to find a wide range of information provided by the accommodation sectors, the destinations and airline companies by the use of new technology. And for making their booking, the reservation system put in place allow the consumers to access and make payment online. So it is clear to say that the tools of ICTs allowed companies to deal technology to be essential to their communication and marketing approach in order to give co nsumer the granting immunity to undertaken any process without the help of an intermediaries.The change in consumer behaviour by ICT has been strongly influenced by the internet because it helps the suppliers communicate directly with the consumers who offer the possibility to tailor the products to their taste and need. (Buhalis and Law, 2008) So to finish, this essay has shown that the development of information and communication technologies and its use in the tourism industry had quite an impact on the structure of the industry.It did bring new opportunities to the business by opening different channel for the promotion and distribution of the tourism products and ICTs also allow the customers to quickly receive information no matter the distance. But the loss of human interaction with the use of ICT and the disintermediation has been some of the challenge or problems that the development of technology brought in the industry. So to be successful and retain their customers, tou rism organisations has to adopt the technology and adapt it into their businesses.And by trying to understand the effect that information and communication technologies has on the consumer behaviour, I went on to gather information of three different models based on what goes on the mind of the consumer when they are trying to choose a destination, or buy a product. In the models mentioned in this essay, the consumer is often guided with the help of information gathered during the information search stage to make a decision and these models always end with the feedback stage where the consumer expresses their satisfaction or dissatisfaction.References Buhalis, D. 1998 Strategic used of information technology in the tourism industry. Tourism guidance, 19 (5), pp 409-421 Buhalis, D. (2003). E-Tourism information technology for strategic tourism management, Harlow Pearson Education Limited Buhalis, D and Law, R (2008) Progress in information technology and tourism management 20 yea rs on and 10 years after the internet the state of tourism research Tourism Management 29, 609-623 Cooper et al (2005) Tourism, Principles and practice. 3rd ed.Harlow Pearson Education limited Giaoutzi, M and Nijkamp, P. (2006) Tourism and regional development new pathways. Aldershot Ashgate Publishing Ltd Hanlan, J, Fuller, D and Wilde, S (2006) Destination decision making the need for a strategic planning and management approach, Tourism and Hospitality Planning and Development, Vol. 3, No. 3, 209-221 Kotler, P. H. (1998) Marketing Management Analysis, Planning, and Control, 8th Ed. Englewood Cliffs Prentice-Hall Inc. Lake, D. (2001) Americans Go Online for Travel Information. WWW Available from

Code of Ethics Essay

The elementary purpose of a figure of ethics is to forethought the welf are of guests by providing what is in their best interest. It is as well as designed to safeguard the public and to guide professingals in their work so that they can provide the best service possible. All professional counselors are obligate to perform by a code of ethics.The American Counseling Association (ACA) provides guidance in adjudicate moral problems that professionals may encounter, whereas delivery boyian counselors not only abide by the ACA Code of Ethics entirely alike by the American Association of Christian Counselors AACC code, which call forths excellence and brings unity to Christian counselors, and gives honor to savior Christ. This paper will address the broad similarities and differences between the two codes, as well as comparisons in the specific areas of Confidentiality, Sexual Intimacies and Discrimination.Codes of Ethics Comparison A code of ethics is a systematic didactic s of ethical standards that represent the moral convictions and guide the practice behaviour of a group (Clinton and Ohlschlager, 2002). With that in mind, every(prenominal) commission discipline has an ethics code which is continuously revised and updated to stay current with emerging issue, and to promote elevated clarity and direction to the profession. Thus, the ACA and AACC codes of ethics were both created to assist their members to better serve their clients. They also square off values and behavioral standards necessary for ethical hash out.Yet while they are similar in intent, they are distinct in their foundational premise. General Similarities and Differences Both codes stress the importance of promoting the welfare of consumers, practicing within the scope of unmatchables competence, doing no harm to the client, protecting clients confidentiality and privacy, acting ethically and responsibly, avoiding exploitation, and upholding the integrity of the profession by striving for aspirational practice (Corey, p. 6). However, the biggest difference between the two codes rests in the streams of influence, whereas the AACC code is rooted in a scriptural worldview.In other words, the primary goal of the AACC is to bring honor to Jesus Christ and his church, promote excellence in Christian counseling and bring unity to Christian counselors (AACC, 2004). However, the ACAs goals are educational, scientific, and professional. It strives to enhance the quality of life in society by promoting the development of professional counselors, advancing the counseling profession, and using the profession and practice of counseling to promote respect for human dignity and diversity (ACA, 2005).The primary goal of the AACC is to bring honor to Jesus Christ and is church, promote excellence in Christian counseling and bring unity to Christian counselors (AACC, 2004) Specific Comparisons Both codes express a high priority on client confidentiality. Also, they express the value of discussing and securing written consent from the client. They also both discuss the importance of client disclosure in that protecting confidential communication is always the first response of the counselor.The counselor is mandated to break education in life threaten or abusive situations. However, the distinct difference between the AACC and the ACA is in the area of privileged communication. While both associations require that counselors do not disclose client information as it relates to training, research or publication, the AACC adds that Christian counselors do not disclose confidential client communication theory in any supervisory, consultation, teaching, preaching, publishing, or other activity without written or other legal dominance by the client (AACC, 2004).The ACA and the AACC codes differ greatly in the concept of informal Intimacies. In fact, The ACA (2005) used the circumstance sexual or romantic interactions or relationship. In other words Th e ACA (2005) does not forbid, save sets guidelines pertaining to any participation of sexual or romantic interaction with any current or bollock clients for a period of 5 years following the last professional contact. However, the AACC declared that all forms of sexual interactions or relationships outside of marriage are unethical.The only exception to this rule is marriage, which the AACC (2004) declared as candid before God. Thus, guidelines have been appropriated to allow for such a case. In addition, Christian counselors are also forbidden to counsel current or former sexual partners and or marital partners. (AACC, 2004 )Discrimination can turn up in serious problems for both the people that hold them and the people that they are prejudiced against.Both associations deem that non-discrimination is the best practice, for clients should not be denied service based on age, religion, sexual orientation etc. However, the AACC maintains its biblical perspective in that counselor s are to encourage biblical principles. While Christian counselors must not discriminate, they also cannot condone certain practices that conflict with biblical principles. For instance, in the area of sexual orientation, Christian counselors will not deny service.However they will encourage sexual celibacy or biblically prescribed sexual behavior while such issues are being addressed (AACC, 2004). Conclusion There are many similarities and differences relating to the code of ethics for the American Association of Christian Counselors (AACC) and the American Counseling Association (ACA). Through these areas we realize that the code of ethics sets boundaries and regulations for all professional counselors and without them, counselors could not be effective or productive in their on-key calling.

The Jilting of Granny Weatherall

Uncertainty of Control In The Jilting of Granny Weatherall, her name, weatherall, or seen as wea at that placed by it all, shows that she has been through e trulything, especially through times of doubt or scruple. Granny Weatherall is a very controlling wo whilehowever, she comes to realize at that place are many things that she cannot control. She also believes that she has lived a very happy life, however, when she is starting to die, she realizes that at that place are many things that she wishes she could change.Granny Weatherall is very indistinct of many things throughoutthe fib. One of the main(prenominal) things she is uncertain aboutis whether or not she is dying. She tells the doctor to contribute along and doctor your sickleave a well fair sexalone (203). In her mind, she is not going to die because she has not planned or it. She says she as yet has a ton of things to get done so it cannot be her time to pass away. However, death is something that she cannot cont rol, just homogeneous George leaving her at the altar.As she is trying to get some rest, the memory of George comes back to her, what does a women do when she has put on the white veil and set out the white cake for a man and he doesnt care? but a whirl of dark smoke rose and c everywhere it, crept up and oer into the bright flying field where everything was planted so carefully in orderly rows. That was perdition, she knew hell when she saw it. For lx years she had prayed against remembering him and against losing her soul in the deep pit of hell (206).This shows that she is still very acidic about George leaving her at the altar and still very confused by it. The main cogitate for this confusion is because this was something that she did not plan and did not have anycontrol over. When the text says she was dreaming of a bright field where everything was planted so carefully in orderly rows, it shows that she likes to have order in her life, and that George messed up this ord er.The story uses many literary tools to help the readers realize that Granny Weatherall does not like uncertainty and that she is still uncertain of thingsto come. In the last paragraph, the story uses mental imagery to describe how Granny Weatherall really feels. For the countenance time there was no sign. Again no bride dress and the priestin the house. She could not remember any other(a) sorrow because this rue wiped them all away. Oh, no, theres nothing more cruel than thisIll neer forgive it. She stretched herself with a deep breath and blew out the light (209).Here she is referring back to her first jilting of when there was no groom and only the priest was there. However, this time she is referring to her death, which she has no control over, and she is now coming to this realization. This imagery of being leftover at the altar for the second time, shows she is scared that she is being jilted again. However, this time by God, which she is more accidental injury by tha n any other thing that has everhappened to her. She now realizes that she has no control over her life, which really scares her.The Jilting of Granny WeatherallUncertainty of Control In The Jilting of Granny Weatherall, her name, weatherall, or seen as weathered by it all, shows that she has been through everything, especially through times of doubt oruncertainty. Granny Weatherall is a very controlling womanhowever, she comes to realize there are many things that she cannot control. She also believes that she has lived a very happy life, however, when she is starting to die, she realizes that there are many things that she wishes she could change.Granny Weatherall is very uncertain of many things throughoutthe story. One of the main things she is uncertain aboutis whether or not she is dying. She tells the doctor to get along and doctor your sickleave a well womanalone (203). In her mind, she is not going to die because she has not planned or it. She says she still has a ton of thi ngs to get done so it cannot be her time to pass away. However, death is something that she cannot control, just like George leaving her at the altar.As she is trying to get some rest, the memory of George comes back to her, what does a women do when she has put on the white veil and set out the white cake for a man and he doesnt care? but a whirl of dark smoke rose and covered it, crept up and over into the bright field where everything was planted so carefully in orderly rows. That was hell, she knew hell when she saw it. For sixty years she had prayed against remembering him and against losing her soul in the deep pit of hell (206).This shows that she is still very bitter about George leaving her at the altar and still very confused by it. The main reason for this confusion is because this was something that she did not plan and did not have anycontrol over. When the text says she was dreaming of a bright field where everything was planted so carefully in orderly rows, it shows t hat she likes to have order in her life, and that George messed up this order.The story uses many literary tools to help the readers realize that Granny Weatherall does not like uncertainty and that she is still uncertain of thingsto come. In the last paragraph, the story uses imagery to describe how Granny Weatherall really feels. For the second time there was no sign. Again no bridegroom and the priestin the house. She could not remember any other sorrow because this grief wiped them all away. Oh, no, theres nothing more cruel than thisIll never forgive it. She stretched herself with a deep breath and blew out the light (209).Here she is referring back to her first jilting of when there was no groom and only the priest was there. However, this time she is referring to her death, which she has no control over, and she is now coming to this realization. This imagery of being left at the altar for the second time, shows she is scared that she is being jilted again. However, this time by God, which she is more hurt by than any other thing that has everhappened to her. She now realizes that she has no control over her life, which really scares her.

The Effect of Capital Structure on Share Prices based on the FTSE 100 Essay

The Effect of Capital Structure on Share Prices based on the FTSE carbon - Essay ExampleFurther analysis of the literature has revealed that anyway Market Value, the debt levels of the firm as well as the earnings offered to investors are other influential factors that mark off the stock price. This paper aims to construct a regression determine for the stock price of most FTSE 100 firms by accommodating these three parameters as variables. Further, the paper contains an elaborate statistical analysis to improve the model and remove any inconsistencies.Studies on Corporate Finance by researchers like Kevin (2006) have debated over the consequences of examining the atomization of the firms capital structure into various organizational parameters and have expressed the possibilities of analyzing their unmarried and corporal influences on the movement of related share prices and their ultimate impact on returns to shareholders. A companys capital structure consists of a multitude of assets in the form of equity, debt and other securities, each of which are include into the structure in proportions deemed necessary and sufficient by the firm.Studies by Modigliani and Miller (1958) conducted studies which demonstrate that in scenarios where the investing decisions are fairly stable, the market value of the firm stands invariant to its capital structure composition assumptive that the financial markets are perfect in nature (i.e., markets comprising perfect competition and no friction) and provide tax-free returns.Further, Kleinbaum (2008) has shown that in cases where there is an additional component of protective debt covenants, the market value of the firms securities is not influenced by any changes in the capital structure. However, the value of the firm and the invariance of the security values shag be vulnerable to taxation both at the firm as well as individual levels. This is also true in the case of debt covenants that are

Black Theology and Sexual Theology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Black Theology and Sexual Theology - Essay ExampleThese hole-and-corner(a) meetings did not only go past birth to rebellion against slavery, but also created room for new colour gospel songs the Negro Spirituals in search of freedom. Social movements that fed disastrous theology growth However, maculation still practicing Christianity, blacks faced difference from the cleannesss in the church, which led to the emergence of independent black churches and movements contradict against discrimination and separation in the church (Hopkins 28). Blacks formed a separatist movement that rejected prejudice of the white righteousnessists, which led to formation of churches that segregation and prejudice in the house of God as evil and insulting. These movements gave blacks dexterity to directly confront their white owners. Black leaders who preached liberation compared keeping slaves in slavery by their masters as wrong as those people who bought Africans as slaves from the African c oast, and encouraged the same resistance to fight for liberty arguing that liberty is God-given. The high-spirited fight for liberty and religion in American history flowed and grew leading to formation of more movements in the 1950s and 1960s. Key civil rights movements came into existence to give a hand in issues of rightness, hope, liberation, suffering and love that churches preached. They used the church property to congregate as they lured people to support them at conferences organized by the church. The social movements had one agenda as the black theology of fighting for liberty from their oppressors. Methodology Methodology in theology is the process that helps achieve goals of the theology. It determines the carnal knowledge between God, Humans, and the world (Hopkins 41). Black theology used colonialism, as a method of determining how it contributed to the oppressiveness of... The author concludes that the study of black theology brings a clear indication of the powe r of the cross that tycoon relates to blacks fight for freedom in America. Although death on the lynching tree acted as punishment to those rebelling against white rule, Jesus death on the cross acted as liberation from oppression, giving hope and love to those who acquire faith in Him. The relationship between Christians bearing the cross and social justice work contributes a lot to African Americans fight for freedom. Black Christians felt the redeeming(a) power of the cross, and pleaded Jesus to keep them near the cross in a song. Understanding theology and religion by the blacks helped them understand the power of the cross in redemption, and applied redemptive power in the fight for their freedom. Understanding sexual theology has proved difficult among theologians given the differences among them. Many churches do not calculate sexuality in their teachings, and thus fail to understand the power of sexuality in human life. dissimilar theologies like Althaus-Reids indecent and queer theologies aim at fighting heterosexism and other related theologies animated in some Christian churches. Theologians who aimed at liberating people from oppression risked their lives, but nowadays churches do not even consider the price these theologians paid. Thus, the role of uncovering sexuality issues in churches needs a tender contribution of the church faithful in order to end racial, sexual, gender and cultural discrimination in the society.