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Information System Essay Locating applicable peer-reviewed articles is certainly a necessary condition for a literature review (Shaw, 1995b); however, it is not a sufficient condition. The data contained in the sources identified must be processed into information that can serve as a foundation upon which new research can be built (Bem, 1995). Accomplishing this processing entails sophisticated cognitive activity. Although the methodology for evaluating the results of that cognitive activity has been explored rather thoroughly (Boote Beile, 2005; Hart, 1999), the ways and means for actually accomplishing the necessary processing is less clearly understood (Wu, 2005). How can the new or novice researcher learn to effectively use the articles he or she locates to build the necessary foundation? There is certainly no shortage of theories regarding human learning (Gagne, Briggs Wagner, 1992; Jonassen, Tessmer, Hannum, 1999). Blooms Taxonomy† (â€Å"Taxonomy†) (Bloom, Engelhart, Furst, Hill, Krathwohl, 1956) has been shown to both effectively describe the learning process and offer meaningful insight into promoting development within the cognitive domain (Andrews Wynekoop, 2004; Manton, Turner, English, 2004; Noble, 2004; Zahn, Rajkumar, Zahn, 1996). Two concepts are integral to the Taxonomy: cognitive capability is a developmental process that can be tracked through a series of steps, and each step of cognitive development can be identified by a number of specific types of behaviors. In effect, the Taxonomy provides a set of sequential steps, each of which requires gradually more cognitively demanding activities that the researcher should do in developing the skill to transform the raw data of numerous literature sources into an effective literature review. The following sections provide a review of each of the Taxonomy steps, with emphasis on the sequential process that a given step is as the foundation for the followed step. A methodological review of past literature is a crucial endeavor for any academic research work (Webster Watson, 2002). The need to uncover what is already known in the body of knowledge prior to initiating any research study should not be underestimated (Hart, 1999). Some fields of study have chronically suffered from lack of proper literature review, which in turn has hindered theoretical and conceptual progress (Shaw, 1995a). Webster and Watson (2002) also criticized the Information Systems (IS) field for having very few theories and outlets for quality literature review. Moreover, they noted that the IS field may greatly benefit from an effective methodological literature review in order to strengthen IS as a field of study (Webster Watson Student Information System Student Information System We’ve heard that those who work for small higher education institutions live by a certain mantra: â€Å"Recruit. Retain. Solicit. † Sound familiar? Sounds easy enough — but not when it’s a task that needs to be completed for each of your hundreds or even thousands of students. Almost every higher education institution uses software to store its data. You wouldn’t accept an applicant’s information without having a place to put it, and accepting applications is just the beginning of the cycle — once students are accepted, you need to ensure that you store their information in a secure place, keep it up to date, and share it with all your institution’s offices so it can be used easily and efficiently throughout each student’s entire lifecycle. Blackbaud’s solution for small colleges — Blackbaud Student Information System — makes it easier for you and your staff to overcome your daily challenges so your institution stands apart from the rest. There are many benefits of Blackbaud Student Information System: Your admissions office can: * Easily import data from external sources * Identify your best prospective students, how many applicants you have, and next steps to move each applicant through the process * Accept inquiries and applications online with our NetInquiry and Online Application solutions * Capture information needed for admissions, such as education istory, activities, test scores, interview notes, and more * Track detailed relationships of applicants and students to assist in the recruiting process * Perform any type of demographic analysis (ethnicity, religion, gender, etc. ) * Communicate application status via letters, emails, or your website * Standardize, simplify, and expedite the process with communication and checklist management features * Keep financial aid information, including qualification and grant amounts, in one central location, simplifying the student nformation Systems Considering today’s economy, many organizations must look for ways to improve and gain advantage over their competitors; they should be ambitious and aggressive in every aspect of their business and intelligently make use of their resources. Information can be crucial in achieving a successful management goal. An organizations use of information as a resource is essential in accomplishing and achieving its definitive goals. Information system is the collection, processing, storing, analyzing, and dissemination of information for a specific purpose. Most business organizations today consist of functional departments such as Accounting, HR, Finance, Marketing, etc. , rely on computers and information technology to manage their information systems. The purpose of this paper is to show how various information systems and application software administer to the marketing department, human resources department, and accounting department of an organization.